《植物生理学报》 2021, 57(3): 597-604

生物炭及改性生物炭对平邑甜茶幼苗生长及土壤的影响

吕伟静¹，陈冉²，马志婷¹，毛志泉^2,*，王艳芳^1,*

¹山东农业大学化学与材料科学学院, 山东泰安271018；²山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东泰安271018

通信作者：毛志泉；E-mail: mzhiquan@sdau.edu.cn；王艳芳；E-mail: (wyanfang@sdau.edu.cn

摘　要：

为研究苹果连作土壤中添加生物炭及改性生物炭防控苹果连作障碍的可行性及其对连作土壤环境和苹果幼苗生长的影响, 以盆栽平邑甜茶幼苗为试材, 设置了苹果连作土、溴甲烷熏蒸连作土壤、 2%生物炭+连作土壤和2%改性生物炭+连作土壤4个处理, 测定了幼苗生物量、叶片抗氧化酶活性、土壤养分、土壤酶活性、土壤微生物、土壤酚酸含量等指标。结果表明: 在土壤中添加生物炭和改性生物炭均可显著提高幼苗生物量, 增加细菌和放线菌数量, 增强叶片酶及土壤酶活性, 极大地降低真菌数量和土壤酚酸类物质含量, 但改性生物炭的效果更加明显。添加改性生物炭处理的株高、地径、鲜质量和干质量与对照组相比分别增加了53.1%、 20.4%、 78.9%和79.2%, 由此可见, 在土壤中添加改性生物炭能有效减轻苹果连作障碍。

关键词：生物炭; 改性生物炭; 苹果连作障碍; 平邑甜茶幼苗

收稿：2020-11-13   修定：2021-02-01

资助：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-27)、国家自然科学基金(31801816)、泰山学者资助项目(ts20190923)、山东省水果 创新团队项目(SDAIT-06-07)。

Effect of biochar and modifed biochar on the Malus hupehensis seedlings and soil

LÜ Weijing¹, CHEN Ran², MA Zhiting¹, MAO Zhiquan^2,*, WANG Yanfang^1,*

¹College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China; ²State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China

Corresponding author: MAO Zhiquan; E-mail: mzhiquan@sdau.edu.cn; WANG Yanfang; E-mail: (wyanfang@sdau.edu.cn

Abstract:

To explore the feasibility of preventing and controlling apple replant disease by biochar and modifed biochar, we carried out a potted experiment, and used the Malus hupehensis seedlings as test materials. The experiment included 4 treatments, which was replant soil, replant soil fumigated by methyl bromide, 2% biochar+replant soil, and 2% modified biochar+replant soil. Then we detected the seedlings biomass, leaf antioxidant enzyme activity, soil nutrient content, soil enzyme activities, the number of soil microorganism, and soil phenolic acid content. The results showed that the addition of biochar and modifed biochar could signifcantly increase the biomass of seedlings, the number of bacteria and actinomycetes, and the activities of enzymes in leaves and soil. The biochar and modifed biochar also signifcantly reduced the number of fungi and the content of phenolic acids in soil. All the results showed that the modifed biochar had more obvious effects. Compared with the control group, the height, ground diameter, and fresh and dry mass of seedlings grown in modifed biochar, increased by 53.1%, 20.4%, 78.9% and 79.2%, respectively. It can be seen that adding modifed biochar to replant soil can effectively alleviate the apple replant disease.

Key words: biochar; modifed biochar; apple replant disease; Malus hupehensis seedlings